![]() Two main theories were developed during the Classical Management era: Management Science (George Dantzig), The Organizational Environment (Robert Kahn, Daniel Katz, Paul R. Multi-faceted and comprehensive perspectives Modern Management (starting in the 1940s) Human Relations Theories (Elton Mayo), Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor) Taylor), Administrative Management (Max Weber, Henri Fayol)īehavioral Management (starting around the mid-1910s) Summary of the three core management theoriesĬlassical Management (starting around 1900) In the following sections, we’ll take a look at the main eras in the development of management theory, including which business management theories came during each era, who was responsible for prominent theories, and the impacts of each era on modern workplaces. It was at this point that management theory began with an era often referred to as “Classical Management.” 4 In business, things began to change near the end of the 19th century. In effect, the person in charge would bark orders and the people below them would be expected to follow. Historically in the West, many approaches to management and leadership were autocratic and dictatorial in nature. What is the history of management theory? Additionally, many management theories established more than a century ago are still in use in Western corporations, such as the LPC and Contingency Theory for matching leaders and teams. In practice, most organizations employ a variety of strategies that match the efficiencies of each style with the recruiting and retention needs of their specific market. Apple had more in common with classical management theories of the 1800s than socially-driven ones popular with most Bay Area companies, but the results can’t be argued with. New isn’t syonomous with “better” in management theory just look at Steve Jobs, who employed a famously autocratic style when the opposite leadership approach was in vogue. The same could be said of Silicon Valley Unicorns flattening the corporate hierarchy to encourage innovation, or trendy e-commerce companies hitching their wagons to social causes to draw principled talent. When Henry Ford set 40–hour work-weeks, that was an example of applied management theory. Lawrence)Ī management theory attempts to provide one or more ways to solve problems of “management.” “Management” can be defined as: 3ĭetermining a goal, planning and organizing around the goal, and leading and controlling efforts to ensure successful completion of the goal How is management theory applied in the workplace? Modern Management Theories (Robert Kahn, Paul R.Behavioral Management Theories (Elton Mayo, Douglas McGregor).Classical Management Theories (Frederick Taylor, Henry Fayol). ![]() We’ll cover each of the three major management theories and the key figures behind each school of thought: I’ve compiled the most prominent management theories, organized them by era, and summarized them in order to assist your studies.
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